Thank you for your visit and welcome to France

Thank you for your interest in the Flashlight Test I submitted. Even more thanks for checking out the Whythat page to find out about your right and wrong answers.

1 Mon professeur est français

"français" with a small " f " is the adjective translating the English adjective "French". That is the right answer.
"Français" with capital "F" is a substantive translating the English word "Frenchman" and will necessarily be introduced by the article "un" (English "a, an, one" ) or "le" ( English "the"). The entry " un homme français " is fully inapropriate, first because the substantive " un Français " exists and second because, unlike in English, the word " un homme " is hardly ever used except to point out the gender of the person in question, as opposed to " une femme " .

2 Quand le cours commencera, nous parlerons français ensemble.

Both parts of the sentence are in the future. Hence " parlerons " is the right choice.
" Nous parlions " is in the past, termed in French " l'imparfait " while " nous avons parlé " is in what compares to some extent to the Present Perfect, named in French " le passé composé ".
Please note that unlike " when " in English, " quand " commands the future not the present in the subsidiary clause, when the tense is the Future in the main clause.

3 J'ai beaucoup aimé l'histoire qu'il m' a racontée.

A majority of French verbs take the auxiliary "AVOIR" (English "have") in the compound tenses.e.g. "J'ai aimé, vous avez vu, nous aurons perdu......".
The rule is the participle agrees with the direct complement PROVIDED THAT this complement precedes the past participle in the sentence.
e.g. la voiture que j'ai achetée : "voiture" comes BEFORE "achetée" in the sentence
e.g. j'ai acheté une voiture : " voiture" comes AFTER "acheté" in the sentence

4 Il faut que je lise la préparation pour demain.

The phrase "il faut que" will necessarily command the subjunctive. The only suitable option is "je lise" which is the present subjunctive form of the verb "lire".
"je lis" is the simple present while "je lirai" is a simple future tense.

5 Je travaille sur mon ordinateur. Mon professeur travaille sur le sien.

"le sien" is a possessive pronoun, standing in this particular sentence for "mon professeur".
"son" is a possessive adjective, thus requiring a substantive to introduce, for example "son ordinateur" ( English "his computer" ). "lui" is a complement pronoun translating the English "him".

6 J'ai fait beaucoup de progrès depuis le début des cours.

"depuis" introducing a date, a moment in time ("le début des cours" = the start of the classes ) would translate into English as " since "., while "pendant" would translate the English "for" and "il y a "either "for" or "ago" depending on the sentence.

7 Nous avons rendez-vous demain pour le cours suivant.

"Appointement" est un faux-ami ( homonymous but not synonimous with a word in a different language e.g. CAR in French means "because" and in English is another word for a "motor vehicle" ).
"Appointement" in French means " a fee, a salary,..

8 Je me suis acheté un nouveau dictionnaire français.

All the adjectives depicting qualities, features are always positioned BEFORE the substantive ( e.g. une BELLE voiture, un GRAND bateau, un VIEUX chapeau, une NOUVELLE maison ). Reversely adjectives relating to the nationality are placed AFTER the noun ( e.g. du thé ANGLAIS, une voiture ALLEMANDE, des pâtes ITALIENNES ...... )

9 Je les ai fait acheter à Paris par ma femme.

Whenever a verb ( except for modals ) introduces is followed by a verb immediately after (e.g. j'aime conduire, je pense acheter une voiture,etc...), the second verb will NECESSARILY be used in the infinitive.
Whenever the verb "FAIRE" in compound tenses introduces a verb, it is always used in the singular masculine ( e.g. Elles ont FAIT manger leurs filles, nous aurons FAIT repeindre la maison quand l' automne viendra,.... ).

10 Ils sont orange et bleus.

The adjective "bleus" takes an "s" because it is introduced by the verb "être" ( English "to be") and hence agrees with the subject of "être".
"orange" stays neutral and won't agree with the subject "ils" because "orange" is not an adjective but a noun ( "orange" really means "the colour of an orange" ) . The same thing applies, for example, to the names of gems which are used as the name of colour ( e.g. chocolat, olive, topaze, rubis, émeraude, etc......)